Gemini is a next-generation artificial intelligence model developed by Google. It has been designed as a multimodal model that surpasses the limitations of traditional language-centered AIs by simultaneously understanding and processing various forms of data such as text, images, and code. This is Google’s strategic counterattack aimed at gaining the upper hand in the AI industry, directly competing with OpenAI’s GPT series.
Gemini was first unveiled by Google DeepMind in December 2023. Known for developing the Go-playing AI AlphaGo, DeepMind is Google’s core AI research organization. As its name “Gemini” (meaning “Twins”) suggests, it features a dual structure learning both human language and cognition. It connects linguistic understanding with visual, mathematical, and coding data to facilitate reasoning.
Unlike existing language models reliant on text-based data, Gemini learns from multiple data forms, including text, images, audio, and code. For instance, when a user asks it to find outliers in a graph and explain the cause, Gemini can analyze the graph image, perform mathematical reasoning, and present the results in sentences, integrating language comprehension with visual recognition and logical judgment.
DeepMind has actively utilized reinforcement learning techniques from AlphaGo in developing Gemini. AlphaGo enhanced its capabilities by learning from human Go records and then playing games autonomously. Similarly, Gemini, based on reinforcement learning that incorporates human feedback, aims to enhance learning efficiency and decision accuracy. Google aims for this to evolve into an “AI that learns and improves by itself.”
Gemini’s performance is distinguished by different versions. As of 2024, three versions of the Gemini 1.0 series were released: Gemini Ultra, the most powerful model; Gemini Pro, a general-purpose model; and Gemini Nano, optimized for mobile devices. Among these, Gemini Pro was applied to Google’s chatbot Bard, which was consolidated under the “Gemini” brand in early 2024 with updates.
Through Gemini, Google is embedding AI functionality across the board in its services. By integrating Gemini with key platforms such as Gmail, Google Docs, Sheets, and YouTube, users can command natural language to automatically perform tasks like document creation, video summarization, and data analysis. This is Google’s strategic trial for AI to evolve from a tool to an autonomous agent.
Another feature of Gemini is its code understanding ability. It has been enhanced not only to interpret text but also to analyze and write programming languages, performing tasks like code generation, debugging, and optimization while being integrated with Google Cloud to boost developer productivity. Google explains this as an advancement towards an “AI that goes beyond simple conversational assistants to support all aspects of work.”
Gemini has also ranked high in performance evaluations. According to Google, Gemini outscored GPT-4 in the standard benchmark MMLU (Massive Multitask Language Understanding), which includes assessments from various academic domains such as history, mathematics, physics, and ethics. This result indicates that Google has substantively caught up with OpenAI.
However, controversies exist. Some performance aspects of Gemini were disclosed based on internal test results, which lack external verification. Ensuring transparency and safety of AI models is necessary, leaving accuracy and ethical verification in real usage environments as future tasks. Particularly, issues like hallucination and bias from AI models remain unresolved.
Centered around Gemini, Google is reorganizing its AI ecosystem. As of 2025, Gemini-based features have been deployed across Android OS, Google Cloud, and Google Search. This signifies Google’s full-scale implementation of the strategy of “embedding AI in all products.”
Now, the AI industry is transitioning from a language model competition to a multimodal one. Gemini symbolizes the expansion from AI that understands human language to AI that “sees” the world. In an era where the lines between text, images, and code are disappearing, Gemini represents the new standards of AI championed by Google.
